:root {
  --obsidian: #16130f;
  --ivory: #f4f0e7;
  --bronze: #a87947;
  --oxblood: #5b1f2a;
  --slate: #655f58;
  --clay: #e8dfd1;
  --paper: #faf7f0;
  --display: "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, Constantia, Georgia, serif;
  --sans: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  --site-max: 1500px;
  --side: clamp(24px, 6vw, 104px);
  --header-height: 108px;
}

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--ivory);
  color: var(--obsidian);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

body.nav-open {
  overflow: hidden;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
}

img {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
}

button,
input,
textarea,
select {
  font: inherit;
}

.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 1000;
  top: 10px;
  left: 10px;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  background: var(--obsidian);
  color: var(--ivory);
  font-size: 12px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transform: translateY(-180%);
}

.skip-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--bronze);
  outline-offset: 4px;
}

.site-header {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 100;
  top: 0;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  min-height: var(--header-height);
  background: rgb(244 240 231 / 94%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 28%);
  backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
  transition: box-shadow 180ms ease, background 180ms ease;
}

.site-header.is-scrolled {
  background: rgb(244 240 231 / 98%);
  box-shadow: 0 14px 38px rgb(22 19 15 / 10%);
}

.header-inner {
  display: grid;
  width: min(var(--site-max), 100%);
  min-height: var(--header-height);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--side);
  grid-template-columns: minmax(260px, 390px) 1fr auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(18px, 3vw, 48px);
}

.header-brand {
  display: block;
  width: min(380px, 27vw);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.header-brand img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 84px;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: left center;
}

.primary-nav {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
}

.primary-nav > ul {
  display: flex;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: clamp(16px, 2vw, 34px);
  list-style: none;
}

.primary-nav > ul a {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  padding: 38px 0 32px;
  color: var(--obsidian);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  line-height: 1;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.primary-nav > ul a::after {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 22px;
  left: 0;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--bronze);
  content: "";
  opacity: 0;
  transform: scaleX(0.3);
  transition: opacity 160ms ease, transform 160ms ease;
}

.primary-nav > ul a:hover::after,
.primary-nav > ul a:focus-visible::after,
.primary-nav > ul a[aria-current="page"]::after {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

.services-panel {
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 50%;
  display: grid;
  width: min(820px, 72vw);
  padding: 20px;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1px;
  background: var(--obsidian);
  border: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 54%);
  box-shadow: 0 28px 70px rgb(22 19 15 / 26%);
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transform: translate(-50%, -8px);
  transition: opacity 150ms ease, transform 150ms ease;
}

@media (min-width: 901px) {
  .primary-nav:has(a[href="/services"]:hover) .services-panel,
  .primary-nav:has(a[href="/services"]:focus-visible) .services-panel,
  .services-panel:hover,
  .services-panel:focus-within {
    opacity: 1;
    pointer-events: auto;
    transform: translate(-50%, 0);
  }
}

.services-panel a {
  display: grid;
  padding: 13px 15px;
  grid-template-columns: 30px 1fr;
  gap: 10px;
  color: var(--ivory);
  font-size: 11px;
  line-height: 1.35;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.services-panel a:hover,
.services-panel a:focus-visible {
  background: rgb(168 121 71 / 18%);
}

.services-panel a span {
  color: var(--bronze);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}

.header-call {
  display: flex;
  min-width: 164px;
  min-height: 52px;
  padding: 9px 16px;
  align-items: center;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  background: var(--oxblood);
  border: 1px solid var(--oxblood);
  color: var(--ivory);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background 160ms ease, border-color 160ms ease;
}

.header-call:hover,
.header-call:focus-visible {
  background: var(--obsidian);
  border-color: var(--bronze);
}

.header-call span {
  margin-bottom: 3px;
  font-size: 8px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.header-call strong {
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
}

main {
  display: block;
  min-height: 60vh;
  padding-top: var(--header-height);
}

.eyebrow,
.section-number {
  margin: 0 0 22px;
  color: var(--bronze);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  line-height: 1.4;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.button {
  display: inline-flex;
  min-height: 58px;
  padding: 14px 22px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 16px;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 780;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  line-height: 1.2;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  transition: background 160ms ease, color 160ms ease, border-color 160ms ease;
}

.button-primary {
  background: var(--oxblood);
  color: var(--ivory);
}

.button-primary:hover,
.button-primary:focus-visible {
  background: var(--obsidian);
  border-color: var(--bronze);
}

.button-outline {
  background: transparent;
  border-color: var(--obsidian);
  color: var(--obsidian);
}

.button-outline:hover,
.button-outline:focus-visible {
  background: var(--obsidian);
  color: var(--ivory);
}

.button-light {
  background: var(--ivory);
  color: var(--obsidian);
}

.button-light:hover,
.button-light:focus-visible {
  background: var(--bronze);
}

.text-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  padding: 8px 0;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 15px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--bronze);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 780;
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.text-link span {
  color: var(--bronze);
  font-size: 17px;
}

.text-link:hover,
.text-link:focus-visible {
  color: var(--oxblood);
}

.text-link-light {
  color: var(--ivory);
}

.section {
  padding: clamp(84px, 10vw, 160px) var(--side);
}

.section > * {
  width: min(var(--site-max), 100%);
  margin-right: auto;
  margin-left: auto;
}

.section-ivory {
  background: var(--paper);
}

.section-clay {
  background: var(--clay);
}

.section-dark {
  background: var(--obsidian);
  color: var(--ivory);
}

.section-heading {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.2fr) minmax(260px, 0.55fr);
  align-items: end;
  gap: clamp(48px, 10vw, 160px);
}

.section-heading h2,
.surgeon-copy h2,
.appointment-callout h2,
.profile-rail h2,
.location-address h2,
.testimonial-intro h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(46px, 5.9vw, 88px);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.052em;
  line-height: 0.98;
}

.section-heading > p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--slate);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(18px, 1.7vw, 24px);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.section-dark .section-heading > p {
  color: rgb(244 240 231 / 60%);
}

.home-hero {
  display: grid;
  min-height: min(840px, calc(100vh - var(--header-height)));
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.08fr) minmax(400px, 0.92fr);
  background: var(--ivory);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 30%);
}

.home-hero-copy {
  display: flex;
  padding: clamp(70px, 9vw, 138px) clamp(34px, 7vw, 118px);
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
}

.home-hero h1 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(68px, 8.3vw, 132px);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.065em;
  line-height: 0.82;
}

.home-hero h1 em {
  color: var(--oxblood);
  font-weight: 400;
}

.home-hero-copy > p:not(.eyebrow, .audience-note) {
  max-width: 620px;
  margin: clamp(34px, 5vw, 60px) 0 0;
  color: var(--slate);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(20px, 2vw, 28px);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  margin-top: 38px;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(26px, 4vw, 56px);
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.hero-actions .button {
  min-width: 308px;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.hero-actions strong {
  font-size: 13px;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.audience-note {
  max-width: 690px;
  margin: clamp(42px, 6vw, 76px) 0 0;
  padding-top: 24px;
  color: var(--slate);
  border-top: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 34%);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.home-hero-art {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 630px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--obsidian);
}

.home-hero-art::before {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  inset: 24px;
  border: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 26%);
  content: "";
  pointer-events: none;
}

.home-hero-art::after {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 1;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 48%, rgb(22 19 15 / 72%) 100%);
  content: "";
  pointer-events: none;
}

.home-hero-art > img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: inherit;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center;
}

.home-hero-art > p {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 3;
  right: 38px;
  bottom: 36px;
  margin: 0;
  color: rgb(244 240 231 / 54%);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  line-height: 1.8;
  text-align: right;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.home-hero-art > span {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 3;
  top: 36px;
  left: 38px;
  color: var(--bronze);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
}

.pathway-grid {
  display: grid;
  margin-top: clamp(60px, 8vw, 112px);
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  border-top: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 45%);
}

.pathway-grid article {
  min-height: 228px;
  padding: 32px clamp(20px, 3vw, 48px) 28px 0;
}

.pathway-grid article:not(:first-child) {
  padding-left: clamp(20px, 3vw, 48px);
  border-left: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 30%);
}

.pathway-grid span,
.service-number {
  color: var(--bronze);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
}

.pathway-grid h3 {
  margin: 48px 0 13px;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 29px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.pathway-grid p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--slate);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.service-card-grid {
  display: grid;
  margin-top: clamp(64px, 8vw, 116px);
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  border-top: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 40%);
  border-left: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 22%);
}

.service-card {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  min-height: 286px;
  padding: clamp(28px, 4vw, 56px);
  grid-template-columns: 38px 1fr 20px;
  gap: 18px;
  background: var(--obsidian);
  border-right: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 22%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 22%);
  color: var(--ivory);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background 180ms ease, color 180ms ease;
}

.service-card:hover,
.service-card:focus-visible {
  background: var(--ivory);
  color: var(--obsidian);
}

.service-card div > p {
  margin: 0 0 32px;
  color: var(--bronze);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.service-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 19px;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(27px, 3vw, 43px);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  line-height: 1.08;
}

.service-card div > span {
  display: block;
  max-width: 430px;
  color: rgb(244 240 231 / 58%);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.service-card:hover div > span,
.service-card:focus-visible div > span {
  color: var(--slate);
}

.service-card > b {
  color: var(--bronze);
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.section-link {
  margin-top: 46px;
}

.surgeon-feature {
  display: grid;
  min-height: 820px;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(340px, 0.82fr) minmax(0, 1.18fr);
  background: var(--clay);
}

.surgeon-art {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 640px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--obsidian);
  color: var(--ivory);
}

.surgeon-art::before {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  inset: 24px;
  border: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 36%);
  content: "";
  pointer-events: none;
}

.surgeon-art::after {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 1;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 54%, rgb(22 19 15 / 72%) 100%);
  content: "";
  pointer-events: none;
}

.surgeon-art > img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: inherit;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: 50% 40%;
}

.surgeon-art > p {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 3;
  right: 34px;
  bottom: 32px;
  margin: 0;
  color: rgb(244 240 231 / 62%);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  line-height: 1.7;
  text-align: right;
}

.surgeon-copy {
  display: flex;
  padding: clamp(78px, 9vw, 148px) clamp(38px, 8vw, 132px);
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
}

.surgeon-copy h2 {
  max-width: 820px;
}

.surgeon-copy > p:not(.eyebrow, .section-number) {
  max-width: 660px;
  margin: 34px 0 0;
  color: var(--slate);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 21px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.surgeon-copy .button {
  width: fit-content;
  margin-top: 38px;
}

.article-card-grid {
  display: grid;
  margin-top: clamp(62px, 8vw, 112px);
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  border-top: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 42%);
}

.article-card {
  display: flex;
  min-height: 350px;
  padding: 34px clamp(22px, 3vw, 44px);
  flex-direction: column;
  border-right: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 32%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 32%);
  color: var(--obsidian);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background 170ms ease, color 170ms ease;
}

.article-card:first-child {
  border-left: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 32%);
}

.article-card:hover,
.article-card:focus-visible {
  background: var(--obsidian);
  color: var(--ivory);
}

.article-card > span {
  color: var(--bronze);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-card h2,
.article-card h3 {
  margin: 48px 0 22px;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(25px, 2.5vw, 37px);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  line-height: 1.13;
}

.article-card p {
  margin: 0 0 32px;
  color: var(--slate);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.article-card:hover p,
.article-card:focus-visible p {
  color: rgb(244 240 231 / 66%);
}

.article-card b {
  margin-top: auto;
  color: var(--bronze);
  font-size: 9px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.location-card-grid {
  display: grid;
  margin-top: clamp(58px, 8vw, 108px);
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  border-top: 1px solid rgb(22 19 15 / 26%);
}

.location-card {
  display: grid;
  min-height: 250px;
  padding: 32px clamp(22px, 3vw, 42px);
  grid-template-columns: 30px 1fr 18px;
  gap: 16px;
  border-right: 1px solid rgb(22 19 15 / 22%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(22 19 15 / 22%);
  color: var(--obsidian);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.location-card:first-child {
  border-left: 1px solid rgb(22 19 15 / 22%);
}

.location-card:hover h3,
.location-card:focus-visible h3 {
  color: var(--oxblood);
}

.location-card > span,
.location-card > b {
  color: var(--bronze);
  font-size: 10px;
}

.location-card h3 {
  margin: 46px 0 18px;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(28px, 3vw, 43px);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}

.location-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--slate);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.appointment-callout {
  display: flex;
  min-height: 620px;
  padding: clamp(86px, 11vw, 168px) var(--side);
  align-items: center;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  background:
    linear-gradient(rgb(22 19 15 / 87%), rgb(22 19 15 / 94%)),
    radial-gradient(circle at center, #7b5a3c, var(--obsidian) 64%);
  color: var(--ivory);
  text-align: center;
}

.appointment-callout h2 {
  max-width: 980px;
  font-size: clamp(52px, 7vw, 104px);
}

.appointment-callout > p:not(.eyebrow) {
  margin: 30px 0 0;
  color: rgb(244 240 231 / 64%);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 21px;
}

.appointment-callout > div {
  display: flex;
  margin-top: 38px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 36px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.appointment-callout .button {
  min-width: 268px;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.appointment-callout .button-light {
  min-width: 244px;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px;
  text-align: center;
}

.page-hero {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  min-height: 590px;
  padding: clamp(92px, 12vw, 176px) var(--side);
  overflow: hidden;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.25fr) minmax(260px, 0.45fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: 70px;
  background: var(--ivory);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 30%);
}

.page-hero::after {
  position: absolute;
  right: 18%;
  bottom: -58%;
  width: 510px;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  border: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 22%);
  border-radius: 50%;
  content: "";
}

.page-hero-inner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  width: min(970px, 100%);
}

.page-hero h1 {
  max-width: 1050px;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(60px, 7.2vw, 112px);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.062em;
  line-height: 0.9;
}

.page-intro {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: 40px 0 0;
  color: var(--slate);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(20px, 2vw, 28px);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.page-hero-visual {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  width: min(320px, 27vw);
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  margin-left: auto;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.page-hero-transition {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: grid;
  width: min(480px, 100%);
  aspect-ratio: 3 / 1;
  margin: 0;
  place-items: center;
  justify-self: center;
  overflow: visible;
}

.page-hero-transition img,
.page-hero-transition object {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  min-width: 0;
  min-height: 0;
  object-fit: contain;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.page-hero-transition object,
.page-hero-transition.signature-transition-ready .signature-transition-fallback {
  visibility: hidden;
}

.page-hero-transition.signature-transition-ready object {
  visibility: visible;
}

.page-hero-service-visual {
  width: min(390px, 31vw);
  border: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 46%);
  background: var(--obsidian);
  box-shadow: 0 34px 90px rgb(22 19 15 / 22%);
}

.page-hero-service-visual::after {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 13px;
  border: 1px solid rgb(244 240 231 / 16%);
  content: "";
  pointer-events: none;
}

.page-hero-service-visual img {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transform: none;
}

.profile-layout,
.service-detail,
.location-detail,
.contact-layout,
.legal-layout,
.article-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(250px, 0.44fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(52px, 10vw, 172px);
  align-items: start;
}

.profile-rail,
.detail-rail,
.article-layout > aside,
.legal-layout > aside {
  position: sticky;
  top: calc(var(--header-height) + 38px);
}

.profile-rail h2 {
  font-size: clamp(36px, 4vw, 58px);
}

.profile-rail dl {
  margin: 52px 0 0;
}

.profile-rail dl div {
  padding: 18px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgb(22 19 15 / 20%);
}

.profile-rail dt {
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  color: var(--oxblood);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.profile-rail dd {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--slate);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.copy-column {
  width: min(790px, 100%);
}

.affiliations-section .section-heading {
  align-items: end;
}

.affiliation-groups {
  display: grid;
  gap: clamp(56px, 8vw, 112px);
  margin-top: clamp(52px, 7vw, 96px);
}

.affiliation-group > h3 {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  color: var(--oxblood);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.affiliation-logo-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1px;
  background: rgb(22 19 15 / 22%);
  border: 1px solid rgb(22 19 15 / 22%);
}

.affiliation-logo {
  display: flex;
  min-height: 240px;
  padding: 30px clamp(24px, 4vw, 58px);
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: var(--clay);
  color: var(--obsidian);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background 170ms ease;
}

.affiliation-logo:hover,
.affiliation-logo:focus-visible {
  background: rgb(244 240 231 / 58%);
}

.affiliation-logo-frame {
  display: flex;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 120px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.affiliation-logo-frame img {
  display: block;
  width: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-height: 74px;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.affiliation-logo-frame .affiliation-logo-ucsf {
  max-height: 104px;
}

.affiliation-logo-frame .affiliation-logo-cedars {
  max-height: 86px;
}

.affiliation-logo-frame .affiliation-logo-disc {
  max-height: 112px;
}

.affiliation-logo-frame .affiliation-logo-docs {
  max-height: 68px;
}

.affiliation-logo-frame .affiliation-logo-commons {
  max-height: 48px;
}

.affiliation-logo-frame .affiliation-logo-northwestern {
  max-height: 92px;
}

.copy-column > h2,
.copy-section h2 {
  margin: 68px 0 22px;
  color: var(--obsidian);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(31px, 3.8vw, 52px);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  line-height: 1.08;
}

.copy-column > h2:first-child,
.copy-section:first-child h2 {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.copy-column > h2.qa-heading {
  margin: clamp(92px, 10vw, 140px) 0 0;
  padding: 28px 0 24px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--bronze);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 38%);
  color: var(--oxblood);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  line-height: 1.4;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.copy-column > .qa-heading + h2 {
  margin-top: 52px;
}

.copy-column p,
.copy-section p {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  color: #3f3934;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.78;
}

.copy-column .copy-lead {
  color: var(--obsidian);
  font-size: clamp(22px, 2.5vw, 31px);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.legal-disclaimer {
  padding: clamp(20px, 3vw, 32px);
  border: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 38%);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--bronze);
}

.legal-disclaimer p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.copy-list {
  display: grid;
  margin: -4px 0 36px;
  padding-left: 34px;
  gap: 10px;
}

.copy-list li {
  padding-left: 8px;
  color: #3f3934;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.copy-list li::marker {
  color: var(--bronze);
}

.copy-section {
  margin-top: 64px;
  padding-top: 4px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 34%);
}

.detail-rail > span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  color: var(--bronze);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 74px;
  line-height: 1;
}

.detail-rail > p {
  margin: 0 0 34px;
  color: var(--slate);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.related-services .service-card-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.related-services .service-card {
  grid-template-columns: 28px 1fr 18px;
  padding: 32px;
}

.related-services .service-card h3 {
  font-size: 29px;
}

.service-index-section .service-card-grid {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.location-detail {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.1fr) minmax(300px, 0.6fr);
}

.location-address h2 {
  font-size: clamp(42px, 5vw, 72px);
  line-height: 1.08;
}

.location-address > div {
  display: flex;
  margin-top: 42px;
  gap: 16px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.locations-appointment-action {
  margin-top: clamp(46px, 6vw, 76px);
}

.locations-call-button {
  width: fit-content;
  min-width: 0;
  padding-right: 30px;
  padding-left: 30px;
}

.hours-card {
  padding: clamp(30px, 4vw, 52px);
  background: var(--obsidian);
  color: var(--ivory);
}

.hours-card dl {
  margin: 0;
}

.hours-card dl div {
  display: grid;
  padding: 18px 0;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 16px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 34%);
}

.hours-card dt,
.hours-card dd {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 12px;
}

.hours-card dd {
  color: rgb(244 240 231 / 64%);
}

.hours-card > p:last-child {
  margin: 28px 0 0;
  color: rgb(244 240 231 / 60%);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.testimonials-section {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(240px, 0.46fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(56px, 10vw, 170px);
}

.testimonial-intro h2 {
  font-size: clamp(40px, 5vw, 68px);
}

.testimonial-intro > p:last-child {
  margin: 30px 0 0;
  color: var(--slate);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.review-feed {
  min-height: 460px;
  padding: clamp(30px, 5vw, 66px);
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 30%);
}

.verified-review-summary {
  display: grid;
  padding-bottom: 30px;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 8px 24px;
  align-items: end;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 28%);
}

.verified-review-summary span {
  color: var(--bronze);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.verified-review-summary strong {
  grid-row: 1 / 3;
  grid-column: 2;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(58px, 7vw, 94px);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.05em;
  line-height: 0.8;
}

.verified-review-summary p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--slate);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 19px;
}

.review-card-grid {
  display: grid;
  margin-top: 34px;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1px;
  background: rgb(168 121 71 / 24%);
  border: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 24%);
}

.review-card {
  min-width: 0;
  min-height: 250px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 28px;
  background: var(--paper);
}

.review-card > div {
  color: var(--bronze);
  font-size: 13px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}

.review-card blockquote {
  margin: 34px 0;
}

.review-card blockquote p {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(21px, 2vw, 30px);
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.review-card figcaption {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 7px;
}

.review-card figcaption strong {
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.review-card figcaption span {
  color: var(--slate);
  font-size: 10px;
}

.review-source-link {
  margin-top: 34px;
}

.education-filters {
  display: flex;
  margin-bottom: 58px;
  gap: 8px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.education-filters button {
  padding: 10px 14px;
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid rgb(22 19 15 / 24%);
  color: var(--slate);
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.education-filters button:hover,
.education-filters button:focus-visible,
.education-filters button[aria-pressed="true"] {
  background: var(--obsidian);
  border-color: var(--obsidian);
  color: var(--ivory);
}

.article-library {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.article-library .article-card[hidden] {
  display: none;
}

.education-article {
  background: var(--paper);
}

.article-hero {
  padding: clamp(86px, 11vw, 160px) var(--side);
  background: var(--ivory);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 30%);
}

.article-hero > * {
  width: min(1060px, 100%);
  margin-right: auto;
  margin-left: auto;
}

.article-hero .back-link {
  display: inline-block;
  width: auto;
  margin-bottom: 72px;
  color: var(--slate);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-hero h1 {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(54px, 7.5vw, 112px);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.06em;
  line-height: 0.93;
}

.article-hero > p:last-child {
  max-width: 780px;
  margin-top: 40px;
  color: var(--slate);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(19px, 2vw, 26px);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.article-layout {
  width: min(1300px, calc(100% - (2 * var(--side))));
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: clamp(80px, 10vw, 150px) 0;
}

.article-layout > aside {
  display: flex;
  padding-top: 20px;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--bronze);
}

.article-layout > aside p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--oxblood);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-layout > aside span {
  color: var(--slate);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.article-layout > aside a {
  margin-top: 12px;
  color: var(--obsidian);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-decoration-color: var(--bronze);
  text-underline-offset: 5px;
}

.provider-card {
  display: grid;
  min-height: 560px;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(300px, 0.8fr) minmax(0, 1.2fr);
  background: var(--obsidian);
  color: var(--ivory);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.provider-card > div {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at center, #715b46, #241f19 62%);
  color: rgb(244 240 231 / 75%);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(100px, 16vw, 230px);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.1em;
}

.provider-card > span {
  display: flex;
  padding: clamp(48px, 8vw, 120px);
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
}

.provider-card p,
.provider-card strong {
  color: var(--bronze);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.provider-card h2 {
  margin: 36px 0 62px;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(48px, 7vw, 96px);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.055em;
}

.contact-layout {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(320px, 0.65fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
}

.contact-primary > a {
  display: block;
  margin: 24px 0 38px;
  color: var(--oxblood);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(46px, 6vw, 82px);
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.contact-primary > p:last-child {
  max-width: 500px;
  color: var(--slate);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.contact-layout .location-card-grid {
  margin-top: 0;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}

.contact-layout .location-card {
  min-height: 180px;
  border-left: 1px solid rgb(22 19 15 / 22%);
}

.contact-layout .location-card h3 {
  margin-top: 22px;
}

.legal-layout {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(190px, 0.3fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
}

.legal-layout > aside {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.legal-layout > aside a {
  padding: 15px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgb(22 19 15 / 20%);
  color: var(--slate);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.site-footer {
  background: var(--obsidian);
  color: var(--ivory);
}

.footer-primary {
  display: grid;
  width: min(var(--site-max), 100%);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: clamp(70px, 8vw, 118px) var(--side);
  grid-template-columns: minmax(240px, 0.75fr) minmax(210px, 0.55fr) minmax(320px, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(46px, 8vw, 120px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 28%);
}

.footer-brand img {
  width: min(360px, 100%);
  height: auto;
}

.footer-contact {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.footer-contact p {
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  color: var(--bronze);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.15em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.footer-contact a {
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 21px;
  text-decoration-color: rgb(168 121 71 / 60%);
  text-underline-offset: 5px;
}

.footer-locations {
  border-top: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 34%);
}

.footer-locations a {
  display: grid;
  padding: 17px 0;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(120px, 0.5fr) 1fr;
  gap: 18px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 28%);
  color: var(--ivory);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.footer-locations strong {
  color: var(--bronze);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}

.footer-locations span {
  color: rgb(244 240 231 / 58%);
  font-size: 10px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.footer-secondary {
  display: grid;
  width: min(var(--site-max), 100%);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 28px var(--side) 42px;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 24px 48px;
  align-items: center;
}

.footer-secondary nav {
  display: flex;
  gap: 22px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.footer-secondary nav:nth-child(2) {
  justify-content: flex-end;
}

.footer-secondary a {
  color: rgb(244 240 231 / 66%);
  font-size: 9px;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.footer-secondary p {
  margin: 0;
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  color: rgb(244 240 231 / 42%);
  font-size: 9px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

@media (max-width: 1180px) {
  :root { --side: clamp(24px, 4vw, 62px); }
  .header-inner { grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 285px) 1fr auto; gap: 18px; }
  .header-brand { width: min(285px, 25vw); }
  .primary-nav > ul { gap: 15px; }
  .primary-nav > ul a { font-size: 9px; letter-spacing: 0.1em; }
  .header-call { min-width: 138px; padding-inline: 12px; }
  .section-heading { gap: 60px; }
  .article-card-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .related-services .service-card-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .footer-primary { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  :root { --header-height: 84px; }
  /* A filtered ancestor would constrain the fixed navigation drawer to the header. */
  .site-header,
  .site-header.is-scrolled { background: var(--ivory); backdrop-filter: none; }
  .header-inner { grid-template-columns: 54px minmax(0, 1fr) 54px; padding: 0 18px; }
  .header-brand { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; min-width: 0; width: min(250px, 100%); margin: 0 auto; }
  .header-brand img { height: 64px; object-position: center; }
  .nav-toggle {
    display: flex;
    width: 48px;
    height: 48px;
    padding: 0;
    grid-column: 3;
    grid-row: 1;
    align-items: center;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 7px;
    background: transparent;
    border: 0;
    cursor: pointer;
  }
  .nav-toggle > span:not(.sr-only) { display: block; width: 24px; height: 1px; background: var(--obsidian); transition: transform 160ms ease; }
  .nav-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] > span:first-child { transform: translateY(4px) rotate(45deg); }
  .nav-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] > span:nth-child(2) { transform: translateY(-4px) rotate(-45deg); }
  .header-call { display: none; }
  .primary-nav {
    position: fixed;
    top: var(--header-height);
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    display: none;
    overflow-y: auto;
    padding: 34px 24px 120px;
    background: var(--ivory);
    border-top: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 28%);
  }
  .primary-nav.is-open { display: block; }
  .primary-nav > ul { display: block; }
  .primary-nav > ul li { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 28%); }
  .primary-nav > ul a { padding: 20px 0; font-family: var(--display); font-size: 28px; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: -0.02em; text-transform: none; }
  .primary-nav > ul a::after { display: none; }
  .services-panel { position: static; display: grid; width: 100%; margin-top: 22px; padding: 18px 0; grid-template-columns: 1fr; background: transparent; border-top: 1px solid var(--bronze); border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0; box-shadow: none; opacity: 1; pointer-events: auto; transform: none; }
  .services-panel a { padding: 10px 0 10px 12px; border-left: 1px solid var(--bronze); color: var(--slate); }
  .home-hero { min-height: 0; grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .home-hero-copy { min-height: 680px; }
  .home-hero-art { min-height: 620px; }
  .section-heading,
  .page-hero,
  .profile-layout,
  .service-detail,
  .location-detail,
  .testimonials-section,
  .contact-layout,
  .legal-layout,
  .article-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .page-hero-visual { width: min(260px, 50vw); margin: 18px 0 0; }
  .page-hero-transition { width: min(520px, 100%); margin: 18px auto 0; justify-self: center; }
  .page-hero-service-visual { width: min(380px, 68vw); }
  .profile-rail,
  .detail-rail,
  .article-layout > aside,
  .legal-layout > aside { position: static; }
  .service-card-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .affiliation-logo-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .affiliation-logo { min-height: 210px; }
  .surgeon-feature { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .surgeon-art { min-height: 600px; }
  .location-card-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .location-card { min-height: 190px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(22 19 15 / 22%); }
  .location-card h3 { margin-top: 22px; }
  .article-layout { width: min(760px, calc(100% - 48px)); }
  .review-card-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .review-card { min-height: 0; }
  .footer-primary { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer-brand img { width: min(320px, 78vw); }
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  :root { --side: 24px; }
  .home-hero-copy { min-height: 620px; padding: 66px 24px; }
  .home-hero h1 { font-size: clamp(62px, 19vw, 86px); }
  .hero-actions { align-items: stretch; flex-direction: column; }
  .hero-actions .button { width: 100%; min-width: 0; }
  .home-hero-art { min-height: 520px; }
  .section { padding-top: 76px; padding-bottom: 76px; }
  .section-heading { gap: 32px; }
  .affiliation-logo-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .pathway-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .pathway-grid article { min-height: 180px; padding: 28px 0; }
  .pathway-grid article:not(:first-child) { padding-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid rgb(168 121 71 / 30%); border-left: 0; }
  .pathway-grid h3 { margin-top: 26px; }
  .service-card,
  .related-services .service-card { min-height: 260px; padding: 28px 22px; grid-template-columns: 26px minmax(0, 1fr) 18px; gap: 12px; }
  .service-card > div { min-width: 0; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
  .surgeon-art { min-height: 440px; }
  .surgeon-copy { min-width: 0; padding: 76px 24px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
  .surgeon-copy h2 { font-size: clamp(40px, 12vw, 46px); }
  .article-card-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .article-card { min-height: 300px; padding: 28px 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; }
  .article-card:first-child { border-left: 0; }
  .page-hero { min-height: 520px; padding-top: 78px; padding-bottom: 78px; }
  .page-hero h1 { font-size: clamp(54px, 16vw, 82px); }
  .page-hero-visual { width: 190px; }
  .page-hero-transition { width: 100%; }
  .page-hero-service-visual { width: min(330px, 86vw); }
  .copy-column p,
  .copy-section p { font-size: 17px; }
  .appointment-callout { min-height: 600px; }
  .appointment-callout > div { width: 100%; align-items: stretch; flex-direction: column; }
  .appointment-callout .button { width: 100%; min-width: 0; }
  .provider-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .provider-card > div { min-height: 360px; }
  .footer-secondary { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer-secondary nav:nth-child(2) { justify-content: flex-start; }
}

@media (max-width: 360px) {
  /* Give long procedure names the full card width on the narrowest screens. */
  .service-card,
  .related-services .service-card { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 18px; }
  .service-card > .service-number { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; }
  .service-card > b { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; }
  .service-card > div { grid-column: 1 / -1; grid-row: 2; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *,
  *::before,
  *::after { transition-duration: 0.01ms !important; }
}